H.R.2342 - State-Managed Disaster Relief Act (119th Congress)
Summary
H.R.2342, the State-Managed Disaster Relief Act, proposes an alternative procedure for providing federal disaster relief funds to states and tribal governments after a major disaster or emergency. Instead of the standard Public Assistance Program, states/tribes could request a lump-sum payment of 80% of the estimated damages for 'covered small disasters'. This aims to provide greater flexibility and control to local governments in managing disaster recovery efforts. The bill defines 'covered small disaster' as one with estimated damages less than or equal to 125% of the state's per capita indicator.
Expected Effects
If enacted, H.R.2342 would likely lead to faster disbursement of disaster relief funds to states and tribal governments for smaller disasters. It would also shift more decision-making power to these entities regarding how the funds are used for recovery. However, it could also result in less federal oversight and potentially less funding overall compared to the traditional Public Assistance Program.
Potential Benefits
- Increased State/Tribal Control: States and tribal governments gain more autonomy in managing disaster recovery.
- Faster Funding: Lump-sum payments could expedite the recovery process.
- Flexibility in Resource Allocation: States/tribes can allocate funds based on their specific needs.
- Reduced Administrative Burden: Streamlined process compared to the traditional Public Assistance Program.
- Potential for Innovation: States/tribes can implement innovative recovery strategies.
Potential Disadvantages
- Potentially Less Funding: The 80% lump-sum payment may be less than what would be received under the Public Assistance Program.
- Reduced Federal Oversight: Less federal oversight could lead to misuse or inefficient allocation of funds.
- Risk of Insufficient Funds: The lump-sum may not cover all actual costs if damages are underestimated.
- Administrative Burden Shift: The administrative burden shifts to the state/tribal level, which may not have the capacity.
- Potential for Inequity: Some states/tribes may be better equipped to manage disaster recovery than others.
Constitutional Alignment
The bill appears to align with the Constitution's principles of federalism, granting more autonomy to states in managing disaster relief. Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 of the Constitution grants Congress the power to lay and collect taxes to provide for the general welfare of the United States, which can be interpreted to include disaster relief. The Tenth Amendment reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states, suggesting a balance of power in disaster management is appropriate. However, the bill must ensure compliance with constitutional protections such as equal protection under the law.
Impact Assessment: Things You Care About ⓘ
This action has been evaluated across 19 key areas that matter to you. Scores range from 1 (highly disadvantageous) to 5 (highly beneficial).