S.221 - Extending Limits of United States Customs Waters Act of 2025 (119th Congress)
Summary
S.221, the "Extending Limits of United States Customs Waters Act of 2025," aims to extend the customs waters of the United States from 12 to 24 nautical miles. This extension aligns with Presidential Proclamation 7219, which established the contiguous zone. The bill amends the Tariff Act of 1930 and the Anti-Smuggling Act to reflect this change.
Expected Effects
The primary effect will be to expand the authority of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to conduct law enforcement activities further offshore. This could lead to increased interdiction of illegal activities, such as smuggling and immigration violations. The bill explicitly references the need to keep pace with advancements in maritime vessel technology.
Potential Benefits
- Enhanced border security through increased interdiction capabilities.
- Improved enforcement of customs, fiscal, immigration, and sanitary laws.
- Greater ability to combat smuggling and other illicit activities.
- Alignment with international law regarding contiguous zones.
- Potential for improved public health by preventing the entry of contaminated goods.
Potential Disadvantages
- Potential for increased interactions between U.S. law enforcement and foreign vessels, possibly leading to diplomatic friction.
- Increased operational costs for CBP due to the expanded patrol area.
- Concerns about potential overreach and infringement on the freedoms of navigation and overflight.
- Possible legal challenges regarding the interpretation and application of the extended customs waters.
- Risk of disproportionate impact on certain communities or industries.
Constitutional Alignment
The bill appears to align with the Constitution, particularly Article I, Section 8, which grants Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations and to define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas. The extension of customs waters is intended to facilitate the enforcement of these regulations. The bill also acknowledges international law and presidential proclamations, suggesting an effort to remain within established legal frameworks.
Impact Assessment: Things You Care About ⓘ
This action has been evaluated across 19 key areas that matter to you. Scores range from 1 (highly disadvantageous) to 5 (highly beneficial).