S.9 - Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025 (119th Congress)
Summary
The "Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025" (S.9) aims to amend Section 901 of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX). It seeks to define "sex" solely based on reproductive biology and genetics at birth for determining compliance with Title IX in athletics. The bill intends to prevent individuals whose sex is male at birth from participating in sports designated for women or girls in federally funded programs.
Expected Effects
If enacted, this bill would codify a specific definition of "sex" for Title IX compliance in sports. This would likely lead to legal challenges and debates regarding discrimination and equal opportunity. The practical effect would be to exclude transgender women and girls from participating in female sports teams in institutions receiving federal funding.
Potential Benefits
- Could be seen as upholding fairness in women's sports by ensuring biological females compete against biological females.
- May provide clarity for schools and athletic organizations in interpreting Title IX regulations.
- Could be viewed as protecting opportunities for biological females in athletics.
- May address concerns about potential physical advantages of transgender women in sports.
- Could reinforce traditional views on gender and sex.
Potential Disadvantages
- May be viewed as discriminatory towards transgender individuals, potentially violating principles of equal opportunity.
- Could lead to legal challenges based on equal protection and discrimination laws.
- May negatively impact the mental health and well-being of transgender youth.
- Could create administrative burdens for schools to verify the reproductive biology and genetics of students.
- May contradict evolving understandings of gender identity and inclusivity.
Constitutional Alignment
The bill's constitutional alignment is debatable. Supporters might argue it aligns with the original intent of Title IX, ensuring equal opportunities for biological females. Opponents could argue it violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment by discriminating against transgender individuals. The bill's impact on individual liberties and potential for discrimination raise constitutional concerns.
Impact Assessment: Things You Care About ⓘ
This action has been evaluated across 19 key areas that matter to you. Scores range from 1 (highly disadvantageous) to 5 (highly beneficial).