S.jres35 - Providing for congressional disapproval of the report of enhancement or upgrade of sensitive foreign military related to a sale to the Government of Israel of certain defense articles and services. (119th Congress)
Summary
Senate Joint Resolution 35 (S.J. Res. 35) proposes congressional disapproval of a reported enhancement or upgrade of sensitive foreign military equipment related to a sale to the Government of Israel. The resolution specifically targets an increase in Major Defense Equipment (MDE) value by $624,000,000 and non-MDE value by $269,000,000, as detailed in Transmittal No. 25-0C. This transmittal was submitted to Congress under the Arms Export Control Act and published in the Congressional Record on March 3, 2025.
The resolution, introduced by Mr. Sanders, aims to block the proposed foreign military sale by exercising congressional oversight. It reflects a potential disagreement between the executive and legislative branches regarding arms sales to Israel. The resolution was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations for further consideration.
Essentially, this is an attempt by Congress to block an arms deal with Israel.
Expected Effects
If passed, S.J. Res. 35 would prevent the specified increase in defense articles and services to Israel. This could strain the relationship between the U.S. and Israel, particularly concerning military cooperation.
Furthermore, it could embolden other nations to question US foreign policy decisions. The resolution's success hinges on garnering sufficient support in both the Senate and the House to override a potential presidential veto.
Potential Benefits
- Could prevent the use of U.S. resources in ways that some Americans find objectionable.
- May encourage a more cautious approach to foreign military sales, ensuring greater scrutiny and alignment with U.S. interests and values.
- Could potentially de-escalate regional tensions if the military equipment is perceived as destabilizing.
- Allows Congress to exercise its oversight role in foreign policy, ensuring a balance of power.
- May lead to a reassessment of U.S. foreign policy priorities and resource allocation.
Potential Disadvantages
- Could damage the U.S.'s relationship with Israel, a key ally in the Middle East.
- May weaken Israel's defense capabilities, potentially increasing its vulnerability to threats.
- Could send a negative signal to other allies about the reliability of U.S. commitments.
- May embolden adversaries who perceive a weakening of the U.S.-Israel alliance.
- Could create uncertainty and instability in the region.
Most Disadvantaged Areas:
Constitutional Alignment
The resolution is an exercise of Congress's power to regulate foreign commerce and provide for the common defense, as outlined in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. Specifically, Congress has the power to "regulate commerce with foreign nations" and to "make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers."
The Arms Export Control Act, referenced in the resolution, delegates certain authorities to the executive branch regarding arms sales but also provides for congressional oversight. This resolution is an attempt to utilize that oversight mechanism. The resolution does not appear to infringe upon any specific individual liberties or rights guaranteed by the Constitution.
Impact Assessment: Things You Care About ⓘ
This action has been evaluated across 19 key areas that matter to you. Scores range from 1 (highly disadvantageous) to 5 (highly beneficial).